Common disorders of the Endocrine System
are-
1) Hyperthyroidism
2) Hypothyroidism
3) Hyperparathyroidism
4) Hypoparathyroidism
5) Diabetes mellitus
6) Acromegaly
7) Diabetes insipidus

Hyperthyroidism is a condition caused by an overactive thyroid gland. The gland makes too much T4 and T3 hormones. Hormones are substances that affect and control many important functions in the body. Weight loss, Increased appetite, Restlessness, Heat intolerance, Fatgue & Nervousness are the common symptoms of Hyperthyroidism.

Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland fails to produce enough thyroid hormone. Weakness Fatigue Cold intolerance Constipation Weight gain Depression Joint or muscle pain Thin and brittle hair are the common symptoms of Hypothyroidism.

Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the pancreas no longer produces enough insulin or when cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced, so that glucose in the blood cannot be absorbed into the cells of the body. Symptoms include frequent urination, lethargy, excessive thirst, and hunger. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that causes serious health complications including renal failure, heart disease, stroke, and blindness. The treatment includes changes in diet, oral medications, and in some cases, daily injections of insulin.

Acromegaly is a hormonal disorder that results when the pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone. Most commonly it is a benign GH producing tumor derived from a distinct type of cells and called pituitary adenoma. Acromegaly most commonly affects middle-aged adults and can result in serious illness and premature death. Because of its insidious pathogenesis and slow progression, the disease is hard to diagnose in the early stages and is frequently missed for many years.

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is caused by the inability of the kidneys to conserve water, which leads to frequent urination and pronounced thirst. The amount of water conserved is controlled by antidiuretic hormone, also called Vasopressin.

Ref: PMD, OSL, Bangladesh

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